1 Know the body’s response to acute exercise
Musculoskeletal response: increased blood supply; increase in muscle pliability; increased range of movement; muscle fibre micro tears
Energy systems: phosphocreatine; lactic acid; aerobic; energy continuum; energy requirements of different
sport and exercise activities
Cardiovascular response: heart rate anticipatory response; activity response; increased blood pressure;
2 Know the long-term effects of exercise on the body systems
Cardiovascular system: cardiac hypertrophy; increase in stroke volume; increase in cardiac output, decrease
in resting heart rate; capillarisation; increase in blood volume; reduction in resting blood pressure; decreased
recovery time; increased aerobic fitness
Muscular system: hypertrophy; increase in tendon strength; increase in myoglobin stores; increased number
of mitochondria; increased storage of glycogen and fat; increased muscle strength; increased tolerance to
lactic acid
Skeletal system: increase in bone calcium stores; increased stretch in ligaments; increased thickness of hyaline cartilage; increased production of synovial fluid
Respiratory system: increased vital capacity; increase in minute ventilation; increased strength of respiratory
muscles; increase in oxygen diffusion rate
Energy systems: increased aerobic and anaerobic enzymes; increased use of fats as an energy source
3 Be able to investigate the physiological effects of exercise on the body systems
Types of exercise: eg aerobic, resistance, circuit, interval
Methods of investigation: comparison of pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological readings,
eg resting heart rate, exercise heart rate, percent heart rate maximum, percent heart rate reserve
Review: effects of exercise on the body systems (acute and long-term); pre-exercise, exercise and
post-exercise physiological data; practicality of exercise activities selected; advantages and disadvantages;
strengths and areas for improvement